that the groundwork was laid for conquest, primarily through the work of Shang Yang, an administrator from the state of Wey who was appointed Chancellor. It was during the rule of Duke Xiao from 361 to 338 B.C. The ruling class of Qin nonetheless believed themselves to be legitimate heirs to the Zhou states, and through the centuries they strengthened their diplomatic and political standing through a variety of means, including strategic marriages. This distinction had to do with its slow pace in embracing Chinese culture, for instance, lagging behind the Zhou in doing away with human sacrifice. Qin itself had been considered a backwards, barbarian state by the ruling Zhou Dynasty. The capital of the Qin Dynasty was Xianyang, which was extensively enlarged after Qin dominance was established. The Qin (pronounced “chin”) region was located in modern-day Shaanxi province, north of the Zhou Dynasty territory-Qin served as a barrier between it and the less civilized states north of it.
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